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General Principles

of Occupational Health Safety and Welfare

in South Australia

Role of Unions 

Working to improve health and safety in the workplace is a legitimate and important activity for trade unions.

A healthy and safe work environment benefits workers.

Workers have rights, powers and functions, and often need support to exercise these rights effectively.

Workplace hazards and risks are often due to a poor working environment and it is a major role of unions to improve the working conditions of workers.

Factors involved in work related injury or illness include (often in combination):

  •  unsatisfactory training and/or supervision

  •  rules and/or procedures not adequately explained

  • poor physical working conditions/work processes

  • unsuitable or ill fitting safety equipment

  •  workers not informed about dangers

  • workers having little or no influence over the setting of working conditions.

All the following are among the factors unions consider when negotiating workplace agreements and changes:

  • how work is done

  • hours and patterns of work

  • training

  • supervision

  • changes to plant, equipment and materials used

These all have an impact or a potential impact on the health, safety and welfare of workers.

Under current legislation it is often difficult to take industrial action to change working conditions. However most aspects of working conditions have some impact on the health, safety and welfare of workers. Using the provisions of the Occupational Health Safety and Welfare Act 1986 and working with the Health and Safety Representatives and Health and Safety Committee members may offer alternative avenues to effect positive change.

When the workplace union representative and the Health and Safety representative work together they have increased power and influence.

Effective consultative arrangements used to address health and safety matters lay the foundation for effective communication and co-operation on other workplace issues.

If one member asks for a union representative to assist with any health and safety issue the union must be allowed access.

What is Occupational Health Safety and Welfare?

Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare aims to provide a safe and healthy environment in which to work.

Equipment, machinery, resources and materials must be

  • well maintained,

  • appropriate for their purpose and

  • safe to use when used according to instructions.

Work practices must

  • assist and encourage safety and

  • not knowingly injure workers’ health or well being.

Workers must have appropriate training, information and supervision to

  • perform their duties safely and

  • use equipment, machinery, resources and materials safely.

The law requires employers to provide and maintain a safe and healthy environment for their employees in which to work.

The law requires employees to behave in a manner at work which does not knowingly put their safety or that of other workers at risk.

Definitions

Occupational Health and Safety is:

"The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations;

The prevention among workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions;

The protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health;

The placing of and the maintenance of the workers in an occupational environment adapting to physical and mental needs."

International Labour Organisation and the World Health Organisation, 1963.d

The following are matters which relate to occupational health, safety and welfare:

  • the general well-being of employees while at work;

  • the prevention of work-related injuries and work-related fatalities;

  • the investigation of the causes of work-related injuries and work-related fatalities;

  •  the rehabilitation and retraining of people who have suffered work-related injuries.

Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Act, 1986 Section 4 subsection (4)

Protection Of Workers

The OHS&W Act spells out the protection workers have against discrimination on the grounds they were legitimately involved in OHS activities

In brief:

If a worker is

  • a health and safety representative,

  • on a health and safety committee

  • assisting an inspector, a health and safety representative or Committee, or

  • making a health and safety related complaint.

then the employer must not

  • dismiss,

  • damage the employment prospects of,

  • threaten,

  •  intimidate, or

  •  coerce

the worker because of their involvement in those legitimate OH&S activities.

The employer must prove that the action they took was for another, legally acceptable reason, rather than the worker having to prove the only reasonable explanation for the action against them was that they were involved in proper health and safety activities.

Section 56 Sub section (1) & (3) Occupational Health Safety & Welfare Act 1986

This is an important point of law. All the worker has to prove is that the discriminatory action happened. The employer must justify why the action was taken. The employer has the harder point to prove.

Workers Have Powers

Workers involved in proper OH&S activities must not be harassed, intimidated, dismissed or discriminated against because of those activities.

Where a union member wants the union’s support for an OH&S matter, the union official can enter the workplace when requested by that worker, no matter how many members they have, or don’t have at that workplace.

Health and Safety Representatives can call in government inspectors to investigate and take action against unsafe

  • work,

  • equipment,

  • practices or

  • materials.

Employers must consult with their workers on matters relating to OH&S such as policies, practices and procedures and changes to work, workplaces or policies.

Workers, through their Heath and Safety representative can

  • stop work or

  • refuse to perform certain duties

if there is a risk to their health, safety and welfare if they continued with that work.

Through the Health and Safety Representative, employers can be made to fix OH&S problems that have been identified.

Health and Safety Representatives can undertake training every year to enable them to

  • better represent the work group who elected them,

  • investigate accidents and OHS problems; and

  • inspect the workplace for hazards.

Health and Safety Training is paid for by the employer, with subsidies from WorkCover and should not result in any loss of income for the worker.

Why Do Accidents Occur?

Accidents in the workplace occur for various reasons. 

The following list identifies some possible reasons for accidents occurring in the workplace.

  • Workers are not appropriately trained or supervised.

  • Safety rules and/or procedures have not adequately been explained

  • The workplace has poor physical working conditions.  For example, the workplace can be dusty or noisy, the lighting and air conditioning is can be inadequate, design and layout of work areas may be inappropriate etc.

  • Workers are not informed about the hazards in the workplace.

  • Safety equipment provided to workers is unsuitable or uncomfortable.  All safety equipment should suit the specific needs of individuals.

  •  Workers are not consulted and have little or no influence over the setting of work conditions.

The term ‘careless’ worker, often used by employers, implies worker responsibility when in fact there are several contributing factors to accidents within the workplace. 

This list illustrates the various factors involved.

Individual Factors

  • Work Experience

  • Training

  • Fatigue / Stress Level

  • Attitude

Work Environment

  • Housekeeping

  • Equipment

  • Maintenance

  • Adequacy of Industrial hygiene controls

Work Design

  • Safety Engineering

  • Pace of Work

  • Work Assignment

These factors can often overlap and interact with each other as well as occurring in groups to combine to increase the risk.

The unsafe work environment is to blame. The environment and work practices must be changed not the workers.

This is the employer’s responsibility.

 

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